How did early civilisations learn the language of their neighbours?

Martin - One thing we know is that as farmers spread probably languages spread with them. You can do a family tree of languages and a family tree of genes. There's a reasonable match but we also know that there was contact between hunter gatherers and farmers and so there would have been an interaction with people with very different languages. I guess we must just assume that their body languages were sending the right messages.

Chris - And also their tummy telling them they're hungry so they'd be willing to swap food and things.

Martin - That's right and I think there are more multilingual communities now than in the English speaking world we imagine there were.